Therefore, there is a reasoned demand for alternative or pre-diagnostic testing that will distinguish the patients with a high risk of OSA. As an example, there is only one specialized child and adolescent sleep laboratory in Slovakia for approximately one million children under 19 years. Generally, PSG is a time-consuming procedure carried out using specialized equipment, so there will be always a patient limit for undergoing the diagnostic test.
Available data suggest that most cases remain undiagnosed and untreated even in developed countries, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neural diseases and affect the quality of life. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is calculated, which is used to indicate the severity of the disease.ĭiagnostics and care of patients with obstructive sleep apnea vary by country and depend on the patient’s symptoms. OSAS is confirmed if the number of apnea episodes is higher than 15 during a night and the episode takes more than 10 seconds. PSG is performed for whole night in specialized sleep laboratories and the PSG device is continuously monitoring selected vital functions, such as ECG, EEG, thoraco-abdominal movements, nasal airflow, blood oxygen saturation, snoring, or body position. Polysomnography (PSG) is the golden standard for OSAS diagnostics. Early diagnostics and relevant treatment are the keys for improve the health status of patients. As a result of the propagation and activation of inflammatory pathways, immune regulation is often disrupted in pediatric patients. OSAS also leads to long-term changes in autonomous functions, hypertension, or reduced left ventricular function. This restriction of ventilation results in several breathing difficulties, such as snoring during sleep and hypoxemia. The reason is the collapse of soft upper airway tissue. The course of the disease is followed by repeating breath interruptions during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep disorder with arising prevalence. Compared to polysomnography, which is the golden standard for this diagnostics, the needed data acquisition time is reduced significantly, the same with the price and accessibility. The application also includes the assistance algorithm guaranteeing the patient’s head positioning, graphical interface for scanning management, and standardized EU medical sleep questionnaire. Several technologies are presented with the proposed methodology for their comprehensive comparison based on depth sensing and evaluation of their suitability for parallel multi-view scanning (mutual interference, noise parameters). The application consists of the 3D craniofacial scanning system using multiple depth camera sensors. The main objective of the proposed system is to obtain an extensive dataset of scans (head and face) from various views and add detailed information about patient. We introduce the novel application, a response to the request for an alternative pre-diagnostic method for obstructive sleep apnea in the region of Slovakia. It focuses on obstructive sleep apnea, the respiratory syndrome that occurs in an increasing proportion of the population, including children. This chapter presents an inclusion of 3D optical (RGB-D) sensors into medical clinical practice, as an alternative to the conventional imaging and diagnostic methods, which are expensive in many aspects.
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