You might end up seeing a doctor who specializes in treating blood disorders, called a hematologist the heart, called a cardiologist or the digestive system, called a gastroenterologist. Make an appointment with your primary care provider if you have long-lasting fatigue or other symptoms that worry you. More-severe forms of thalassemia generally require blood transfusions, folic acid supplements, medicines, a blood and bone marrow stem cell transplant, or, rarely, removing the spleen.Įxplore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition. Most forms of thalassemia are mild and need no treatment. Receiving blood, called a transfusion, and taking folic acid supplements and antibiotics might be involved.Ī cancer drug called hydroxyurea (Droxia, Hydrea, Siklos) also is used to treat sickle cell anemia. Treatment might include oxygen, pain relievers, and hydration with fluids given through a vein, called intravenous, to reduce pain and prevent complications. If the immune system is attacking red blood cells, treatment might involve taking medicines that lower immune system activity. Managing hemolytic anemias includes stopping medicines that might be causing it and treating infections. A bone marrow transplant might be needed if bone marrow can't make healthy blood cells. Treatment for this anemia can include blood transfusions to boost levels of red blood cells. Treatment of these various diseases can include medicines, chemotherapy or getting bone marrow from a donor, called a transplant. Anemias associated with bone marrow disease.If symptoms become severe, treatment might include getting blood, called a transfusion, or shots of a hormone called erythropoietin. Treatment for this type of anemia focuses on the disease that's causing it. In time, the shots will be shots just once a month, possibly for life. People who have trouble absorbing vitamin B-12 from food might need vitamin B-12 shots. Treatment for folic acid and vitamin B-12 deficiency involves dietary supplements and increasing these nutrients in the diet. If the cause of iron deficiency is loss of blood, finding the source of the bleeding and stopping it is needed. Treatment for this form of anemia usually involves taking iron supplements and changing the diet. Some anemias (Tareg et al.Iron deficiency anemia.Organic mercury compounds (Reigart and Roberts 1999).Hepatic parenchymal disease (Clark 2002).Genetic deficiency (3% of individuals) (Tareg et al.Dermatomyositis (Reigart and Roberts 1999).Chronic debilitating disease (Clark 2002).Carbon disulfide (Reigart and Roberts 1999).Benzalkonium salts (Reigart and Roberts 1999).Where Cholinesterase Inhibitors are Found Other conditions, besides exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause abnormalities in cholinesterase levels. Another source of error, even with modern testing kits, is lack of experience and skill of the laboratory technician.Errors in laboratory results can also occur if samples are stored at room temperature, because cholinesterase bound to un-aged inhibitors can undergo significant spontaneous reactivation.Thus, unless pre-exposure levels are available for comparison, only a level of inhibition greater than that due to interindividual variability (about 25% for RBC cholinesterase) can be considered significant.1985 Jamal 1997 Clark 2002) (One author indicates that for serum cholinesterase there is a 300% difference between the lower and upper normal values. Thus, the toxic patient would have a falsely normal test result. (Midtling, Barnett et al.Because of this, a person who usually has a “high-normal” level of cholinesterase could be significantly toxic but his or her cholinesterase level could decrease only into the “low-normal” range.Normal ranges of RBC and serum cholinesterase vary widely between individuals (and even in the same individual at different times). (Karalliedde 2002 Leikin, Thomas et al.Listed below are some of the sources of error in the measurement and interpretation of cholinesterase levels.
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